“Mahavir Jayanti” – Celebrating the Birth of a Spiritual Icon

On Mahavir Jayanti, one of the most significant festivals in Jainism, people honour the birth of Lord Mahavira, the twenty-fourth and last Tirthankara (spiritual teacher) of the current time cycle known as Avasarpini. The day holds deep spiritual meaning for the Jain community. Hence, it is observed with great devotion and reverence not only in India but also among Jains across the world.

In 2025, we are celebrating “Mahavir Jayanti” on the 10th of April 2025.

The Birth of Mahavira – A Spiritual Legend

Mahavir, also known as Vardhamana, was born on the 13th day of the bright half (Trayodashi Tithi) of the Hindu lunar month of Chaitra, which usually falls in March or April on the Gregorian calendar.

As per “Drik Panchang” the “tithi” for “Mahavir Jayanti” in 2025 is as follows:

• Mahavir Jayanti on 10th of April 2025, Thursday
• Trayodashi Tithi Starts - 10:55 p.m. on the 9th of April 1025
• Trayodashi Tithi Ends - 01:00 a.m. on 10th of April 2025

The Jain texts say he was born in 599 BCE to King Siddhartha and Queen Trishala in Kundalagrama, a suburb of Vaishali in present-day Bihar, India.

Mahavira was born into the Ikshvaku dynasty in a region known for its democratic governance, the Vajji confederacy (where rulers were elected by votes.) He was lovingly named Vardhamana, which means “one who grows” or “prosperous,” reflecting the increase in wealth and peace in the kingdom at the time of his birth.

There’s a minor variation in birth details between two main sects of Jainism:

• Shwetambara tradition believes Mahavira was born in Kshatriyakund, located in modern- day Muzaffarpur district.
• According to Digambara tradition, his birth took place in 615 BCE.

According to a lot of Jain legends, Queen Trishala had a series of auspicious dreams during her pregnancy. In her dreams, she used to witness symbols like elephants, lions, celestial beings, and a throne—all signifying greatness. The astrologers interpreted these dreams to predict the birth of a great soul destined for either kingship or spiritual enlightenment.

Jains also believe that soon after his birth, Lord Indra, the king of celestial beings, descended from heaven to perform the Abhisheka (ceremonial bath) of the newborn on the holy Mount Meru. This was the second of five auspicious events (Panch Kalyanakas) in the life of a Tirthankara.

Life and Renunciation of Lord Mahavira

Although born into royalty, Mahavira displayed detachment and compassion from an early age. At the age of 30, he renounced his family, wealth, and status to live an ascetic life in search of truth and liberation. For the next 12 years, he practised extreme austerities, deep meditation, and complete silence.

During this time, he attained Kevala Jnana (omniscience) and eventually became a Jina, or “victor over worldly desires.” His teachings formed the foundational principles of Jainism, including Ahimsa (non-violence), Satya (truthfulness), Asteya (non-stealing), Brahmacharya (chastity), and Aparigraha (non-attachment).

At the age of 72, Mahavira attained Nirvana (liberation from the cycle of birth and death) at Pavapuri, Bihar and left behind a profound spiritual legacy.

Teachings of Lord Mahavira

The essence of Mahavira’s message was self-realization through discipline and compassion. His life and teachings continue to inspire millions to live ethically, with humility and respect for all forms of life.

His core teachings include:

• Ahimsa (Non-violence): Not causing harm to any living being in thought, word, or deed.
• Satya (Truthfulness): Always speak truth in a way that is not harmful.
• Asteya (Non-stealing): Not taking anything that is not willingly offered.
• Brahmacharya (Chastity): Self-control over desires and celibacy.
• Aparigraha (Non-attachment): Detachment from material and emotional possessions.

Jainism holds that following these principles leads to spiritual liberation (Moksha), the ultimate goal of life.

“Mahavir Jayanti” Celebrations – A Day of Devotion and Charity

Mahavir Jayanti is celebrated with joy, piety, and numerous rituals that reflect Lord Mahavira’s principles. Devotees across the globe participate in ceremonial processions, prayers, and acts of charity.

• Rath Yatra (Chariot Procession): A beautifully adorned idol of Mahavira is carried through the streets in a decorated chariot, accompanied by the singing of stavans (devotional hymns), music, and chanting.
• Abhisheka (Ceremonial Bathing): The idol is given a sacred bath with fragrant water and offerings of flowers and milk, symbolizing purity.
• Temple Decorations: Jain temples are embellished with lights, flags, and flowers, creating a festive and spiritual ambiance.
• Charity and Service: Many Jains perform acts of donation, such as offering food, clothes, and financial support to the needy. Animal shelters, cow sanctuaries, and free kitchens (annadan) are also supported during this time.
• Lectures and Discourses: Sadhus and Yogis deliver sermons on Mahavira’s teachings. Devotees listen to Jain scriptures and participate in group meditations.
• Ahimsa Rallies: Peaceful rallies are held to spread the message of non-violence, harmony, and compassion for all beings.

Spiritual Destinations to Visit During “Mahavir Jayanti”

During Mahavir Jayanti, many devotees choose to visit important Jain pilgrimage centres to deepen their spiritual connection. Here are five revered destinations:

1. Madhuban, Jharkhand

Located at the base of Parasnath Hill, this is one of the holiest sites in Jainism. It is believed that 20 of the 24 Tirthankaras attained salvation here. The serene environment and beautiful temples make it ideal for spiritual reflection.

2. Girnarji, Gujarat

A sacred hill with a cluster of ancient Jain temples, Mount Girnar is where Neminatha, the 22nd Tirthankara, attained Nirvana. Thousands of devotees climb the hill during festivals.

3. Gomateshwara, Karnataka

Also known as Shravanabelagola, it is home to the world’s tallest monolithic statue of Bahubali, a revered figure in Jainism. A site of pilgrimage and the famous Mahamastakabhisheka festival.

4. Mangi Tungi, Maharashtra

A popular twin-peak pilgrimage site, it has statues and caves associated with Jain saints and is known for a massive 108-ft statue of Rishabhanatha, the first Tirthankara.

5. Gajpantha, Maharashtra

Situated near Nasik, this site has ancient caves, temples, and a spiritual ambiance, with devotees climbing 460 steps to reach the temple.

Modern Relevance of “Mahavir Jayanti”

Even in today’s complex world, Mahavira’s message is more relevant than ever. His vision of a non-violent society, built on compassion, tolerance, and self-discipline, serves as a beacon for those seeking peace in modern times.

Jain teachings emphasize environmental sustainability, respect for all life forms, and inner transformation, making it a path that harmonizes spiritual growth with worldly responsibility.

The Essence & Symbolism of “Mahavir Jayanti” in Jain Tradition

As Lord Mahavira was the 24th Tirthankara, a spiritual teacher in Jainism who has conquered the cycle of birth and death and helps others achieve liberation, Jains consider “Mahavir Jayanti” as a day of giving and spiritual introspection—offering not material gifts, but the virtues he embodied: compassion, selflessness, and inner peace.

They also use the occasion to:

• Help the underprivileged
• Feed animals
• Reflect on their spiritual vows
• Reaffirm their commitment to the teachings of Lord Mahavira

Conclusion: The Eternal Relevance of Lord Mahavira’s Message

Mahavir Jayanti is more than a festival—it’s a spiritual call to embrace values that elevate human consciousness. Whether you are a follower of Jainism or simply inspired by the ideals of peace, truth, and non-violence, Lord Mahavira’s legacy encourages us to live with integrity and mindfulness.

As we celebrate Mahavir Jayanti, let us reflect upon his teachings, incorporate them into our lives, and strive to create a world where compassion triumphs over conflict, and self-restraint leads to liberation.

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