Hindus are firm believers in following age-old traditions, festivals, and rituals. Each ritual reflects deep faith and devotion. Among these, Chhath puja holds a special significance. This festival is dedicated to Surya dev, Chhathi Maiyya and other natural elements, to express gratitude that sustains life on earth.
This Chhath puja, let's connect with the eternal source of light with this beautiful hymn:
"ॐ ऐही सूर्यदेव सहस्त्रांशो तेजो राशि जगत्पते अनुकंपय मां भक्त्या गृहणार्ध्य दिवाकरः।"
This mantra is recited during Chhath Puja, which means, “Thousand rayed, Sun God, your radiance protects the universe, please accept my prayers and be kind to me.”
Chhath Puja is a sacred Hindu festival performed with great enthusiasm, especially in northern India and Nepal. It emphasises on paying homage to the Sun god, the goddess - Chhathi Maiyya (Surya’s sister), and nature’s elements to bestow devotees with good health, prosperity and success. This four day festival is celebrated from Chaturthi to Saptami of Kartik month. It begins with Nahaya Khay on the first day and ends with offering Surya Arghya on the fourth day.
According to the Hindu scriptures, in Kaliyuga, the Sun is the sole visible deity, which we can see through our eyes. All the other gods would disappear from our sight, but Surya devata will be visible as the source of life and energy.
We can connect with the energy of the Sun by offering arghya, chanting mantras, and performing puja. Worshipping Surya devata invites many benefits like increase in longevity, prosperity, wellbeing, clarity of thoughts, acquiring good qualities, mental wellness and many more.
Chhath Puja is celebrated in India with utmost devotion. Religiously, in Chhath Puja, devotees perform powerful rituals and prayers to the Solar deity, Chhathi Maya (the Sun’s younger sister), and her two companions, Usha and Pratyusha, goddesses of dawn and dusk, respectively. This festival honours natural elements for prosperity, peace, and well-being.
The four days of Chhath Puja include various activities, like sunbathing, Surya Arghya, preparing various dishes, fasting, etc. Doing these rituals according to the muhurata has a huge impact. Chhath puja muhurata according to drik panchang:
Day 1 - Saturday, 25 October
Chaturthi - Nahay Khay (holy bath)
Sunrise: 06:32 AM, Sunset: 06:05 PM
Day 2 - Sunday, 26 October
Panchami - Lohanda and Kharna
Sunrise: 06:32 AM, Sunset: 06:05 PM
Day 3 - Monday, 27 October
Shashthi - Chhath Puja, Sandhya Arghya
Sunrise: 06:32 AM, Sunset: 06:04 PM
Day 4 - Saturday, 28 October
Shashthi - Usha Arghya, Parana day
Sunrise: 06:33 AM, Sunset: 06:04 PM
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According to our shastras - the Sun, Water, Earth and other elements are considered sacred and the foundations of human existence.
Every aspect of life on earth flourishes through the Sun’s energy, natural elements, and water. During Chhath puja, these sacred elements are worshipped as the very essence of existence. Together they enrich our lives in many ways, let’s discuss further:
The most widely believed derivations for the origin of Chhath puja are:
Queen Malini (baby’s desire):
According to this legend, Queen Malini was unable to conceive a child. She prayed to Chhathi Maiyya and Surya Dev, offering arghya on a daily basis to the solar deity. Due to their blessings, Queen Malini was blessed with a child.
Mahabharata (regaining power):
The Pandavas, after losing their kingdom to the Kauravas, faced severe humiliation and loss of their power. To regain their kingdom, fortune, and strength, they sought guidance from Dhumya. On the advice of astute Dhaumya, Draupadi and the Pandavas worshipped Surya Dev.
They were blessed with courage, vitality and success. This blessing led to the triumph of the Pandavas over the Kauravas and allowed them to regain their power and kingdom.
Ramayan (showing gratitude):
After returning from exile, Mata Sita and Lord Ram offered gratitude to Surya Dev, the ultimate source of life and victory. They kept fast, performed Surya Arghya and offered prayers to the Sun God.
Role of Ganga Maiyya during Chhath:
Chhath puja is the only Hindu festival celebrated without any idol worshipping. It involves mainly the worship of natural elements. Although Maa Ganga is not directly linked to Chhath, she is considered a natural water element.
The Ganga is a sacred river of Hindus, a symbol of purity and reverence for life on earth. Devotees take holy baths to purify their souls and cleanse their sins. Performing the Chhath tradition in the Ganga River, devotees experience spiritual awakening, receive divine blessings, which leads them towards liberation from the endless cycle of karma.
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Holy bath:
On the first day of Chhath, devotees take a holy bath in Ganges to purify their body and mind.
Fasting:
From the evening of the third day to the ending of the fourth day - a thirty-six hour nirjala vrat (no water, no food) is performed by many devotees, especially by married women.
Performing Surya Arghya (Salutations to the rising Sun):
The prominent ritual in Chhath Puja involves offering Arghya - water to the rising sun using a copper vessel, along with prayers, aarti, and mantra chanting.
Offering Arghya to the setting sun:
On the third day, arghya is offered to the setting sun, symbolising gratitude, inner purification, and harmony.
Preparing Thekua and other culinary dishes:
Thekua is a famous dish of Bihar, which forms an integral part of the Chhath rituals.
Earthen stove (Chulha):
It is mandatory to cook all the dishes using an earthen stove (chulha), considering the usage of natural elements. In case it isn’t possible to have an earthen stove, then a new gas stove can be used.
Mental discipline and physical endurance:
This festival includes a longer window of no-food, no-water fasting that requires immense mental and physical discipline, encouraging devotees to develop discipline and endurance.
Collective harmony:
Chhath puja embodies the spirit of togetherness and harmony. Communities come together to support each other on the riverbank by decorating ghats, offering prayers, helping devotees, singing folk songs and distributing food together to celebrate this festival with joy and peace.
Purify mind, soul and body:
Holy bathing cleanses a person from the outside. However, fasting, praying, and doing all other traditional rituals of Chhath helps to clear inner negative thoughts and doshas.
Spiritual enlightenment & building Spiritual connection:
All the devotional practices like chanting mantra, abstaining from tamasic food, holy bathing, and offering arghya (water) to the Sun god, creates a deeper spiritual connection with the divine power, which helps to enhance clarity, create a sense of surrender and higher consciousness.
Health benefits:
This festival is believed to bring physical and mental wellbeing by improving our health, detoxifying our body, and removing negative energy. Studies show that the un's rays emit the least amount of UV rays in the morning and evening. Considering this, it is the best time to expose the body to the sun's rays for maximum benefits.
Chhath puja is known by various names like Surya Shashti in West Bengal, Chhath Parv in Madhya Pradesh, Chhathi Maiya in Nepal, and Dala Puja in some regions.
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Chhath puja is an ancient celebration of nature’s elements. Worshipping Surya devata, Chhathi Maya, and other elements bless devotees with health, prosperity, mental clarity and spiritual growth.
Our ancestors have passed down the sacred custom of Chhath Puja, which instils in us various virtues of life. Practices like fasting and performing prayers makes one disciplined, patient, and resilient. The rituals like holy bathing, chanting the Surya mantra and offering arghya - emphasise dedication, purity, and devotion. It reminds everyone that life flourishes when we express gratitude, and live in harmony with nature. This makes it a timeless festival that nurtures the body, mind and soul.
It’s a time to honour the Sun God, connect with nature, and strengthen family and community bonds.
1) When is Chhath Puja i.e. Surya Shasti celebrated?
This year Chhath puja is celebrated on 27th October, 2025.
2) Which part of India prominently celebrates Chhath Puja?
Chhath Puja is the most celebrated festival of Bihar after Diwali. Devotees, regardless of which country they are in, always celebrate the Chhath festival with profound commitment.
3) Why do we worship the Sun (Surya devata) during Chhath?
In Kaliyuga, the Sun is the only visible form of divinity to us. Seeking his blessings brings prosperity, vitality and balance - promoting physical and mental wellness.
4) Does Chhath Puja involve idol worship?
Chhath is an Indian festival where there is no idol worship involved. In fact, we worship the Sun, water, and natural elements.
5) Who is Chhathi Maiyya?
Chhathi Maya is a revered Hindu goddess. She is believed to be the daughter of Rishi Kashyap and sister of Surya Devata. During Chhath puja, devotees worship Chhathi Maya along with Surya Devata as their kuldevi and kuldevta (patron deity).
6) Why are ghats cleaned before Chhath Puja?
Most of the rituals are performed near ghats, devotees ensure the ghats are clean and suitable for offering prayer to create a peaceful and serene environment.
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